Combustion chamber and arch



March 5, 1940. F. M. MILLER 2,192,752

GOIBUSTION CHAMBER AND ARCH Filed Ilarch, 1937 Patented Mar. 5, 1940 UNITED STATES coMUs'rloN cnAMBEa AND Anon Fred M. Miller, Bala-Cynwyd, Pa., assignor to General Refractories Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application March 8,

` 4 claims.

This invention has to do with a'n improved refractory combustion chamber and arch for use in boilers and small furnaces. The principal application is intended for use in connection with 5 gas and oil burners for domestic heaters and apartment house and oilice building boilers.

' An important purpose of this invention is to provide an arrangement of refractory material, such as re brick of special shapes, in such a way x as to'develop a combustion chamber having an overhanging arch for reflecting heat upon the burning gases and also to deflect the burned gases against the interior surface of the furnace..

I'he arch therefor has a two-fold purpose:

i6 first, to act as a reflecting surface to promote complete combustion of the fuel while within the surrounding walls of the combustion chamber; and, second, to proportion and deflect the burned hot gases against the heat-conduction go surfaces of the furnace walls. y

The economy of this invention has been established by experimental tests. As compared to the open-top combustion chamber in general use, this invention has shown a reduction in g flue gas temperatures of from 80 to 100 F., with a corresponding saving in fuel of from to depending upon local conditions.

While an important object is to save fuel, a number of collateral benefits have been observed,

the principal ones being: first, a reduction in noise due to the dampening effect of the arch; second, less carbon deposit and odors due to complete combustion; and, third, increased capacity of the boiler or furnace due to the fact that practically all of the heating surface is constantly swept by hot gases. A case is cited where under comparable conditions an oil burning domestic hot water heating system, when tted with this combustion chamber and arch,

o required 18 minutes to raise the water temperature from 80 to 190 F., as compared to the open-top combustion requiring nearly one and one-half hours to accomplish the same resuits.

Other objects of my invention will be apparent from the annexed drawing and specication at the end whereof the novel features of my invention will be specifically pointed out and claimed.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-section through my device.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-section of a detail of the device shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross-section of a detail of a modification.

1937, Serial No. 129,546

Fig. 4 is an elevation of a wall-shape. Fig. 5 is a top plan view of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of an arch-shape. In the modiflcation of this invention chosen for illustration in the drawing and description l in the specification, the ports I are formed by refractory wall-shape 2 and the refractory archshape 3. Burned gases are deected by 3 through ports l so as to impinge the heating surface of the boiler or-furnace 8 at an angle, which l0 allows the burned gases to rise in contact with fthe heating surface. It is considered within the scope of this invention that refractory shapes 2 and 3 could be constructed in one piece: however, such construction is not practical from ll' the standpoint of manufacture or handling of integral pieces through the furnace door during installation. Furthermore, the cost of integral pieces is greater than the construction described.

Refractory shape 4 is a specially designed burnn er tile and incorporates a packing space 5 for closing the space between the burner pipe 8 from burner I0 and the opening with a suitable packing or cement, a ared opening 6 for the proper expansion of the burning gases, and tonguedand-grooved sides for fitting with the wall-shapes 2, a plurality of which are used to form the desired size of combustion chamber.

Wall-shapes 2 have beveled edges fitted oppositely with tongues-and-grooves which permit the 3 wall-shapes 2 to be placed in interlocking position with each other. 'I'he tongues-and-grooves allow the wall-shapes 2 to be erected in various positions from a small diameter to a straight line. 'I'his feature permits this design to be used 35 in round, square or rectangular furnaces.

The pointed ends of arch-shapes 3 have their under or ame side formed into a plurality of truncated pyramids 1 similar to a wallie iron, the purpose being to provide a surface which heats d0 rapidly. Since the truncated pyramids come up to temperature quickly, little time is lost in bringing the arch into service as a heat-reflecting surface.

I do not desire to be limited save as the scope of the prior art and of the attached claims may require.

I claim:

1. A refractory arch-shape which is substantially a segment in plan and which has a notch in its outer end sloping from the lower to the upper face and which has on its lower face adjacent the inner end a plurality of projections.

2. A combustion chamber and arch comprising,

a self-supporting structure formed of refractory Il wall-shapes' detachably secured together by tongues-and-grooves at their sides, and refractory arch-shapes detachably secured. to the topsI of said wall-shapes by complementary interengaging faces on each of said sets of shapes, at least someof said shapes having notches therein providing between said wall-shapes and said arch-shapes ports extending at an angle to the vertical.

3. A combustion chamber and arch comprising,

a. self-supporting structure formed of refractory wall-shapes each having a tongue on one oi! its sides and a groove in its opposite side and each having a notch in its top and in its inner and outer faces sloping upwardly from the inner to the outer face, said wall-shapes being detachably secured together by said ltongues androoves, and refractory arch-shapes detachably secured to the tops of said wall-shapes by complementary interengaging faces on each of said sets of shapes. said notches in said wall-shapes providing between said wall-shapes and said arch-shapes ports extending at an angle to the vertical.

4. A combustion chamber and arch comprising, a self-supporting structure formed of refractory wall-shapes vdetachablysecured together by tongues-and-grooves at their sides, and refractory arch-shapes each of which is substantially a segment in pian and which has a notch in its outer end and in its upper and lower faces sloping from the upper to the lower face, said archshapes being detachably secured to the tops of said wall-shapes by vcomplementary interengaging faces on each of said sets of shapes, said notches in. vsaid arch-shapes providing between said wall-shapes and vsaid arch-shapes ports extending at an angle to the vertical. FRED M. MILLER. 

